Adversarial Poetry Jailbreaks 25 Frontier Models at 62%
ToxSec recaps research where verse hit 62% across 25 models and 84% on cyber-offense prompts.
ToxSec walks through the adversarial poetry research by Prandi et al. on arXiv: 20 hand-crafted poems tested across nine providers, including Google, OpenAI, Anthropic, DeepSeek, Qwen, Mistral, Meta, xAI and Moonshot AI. Prose jailbreaks sit around 8%; the same payload in verse hits 62% across 25 frontier models. Cyber-offense prompts reach 84%.
Gemini 2.5 Pro returned unsafe output on every curated poem, 100%. GPT-5 Nano held at zero; every other model fell somewhere between. The paper's mechanism: meter and metaphor push the request outside the distribution safety training was optimized against, so the refusal behavior never fires. ToxSec calls the failure structural, not provider-specific.
Automation makes it worse. The researchers converted 1,200 MLCommons harmful prompts to verse with one meta-prompt; the machine-written poems still reached 43% ASR, an 18x increase over the prose baseline, with a 44 percentage point jump on privacy prompts. ToxSec ties the failure to flat context: system prompt, user message and payload arrive as equally trusted tokens.